Italian Verbs Decidere Conjugations

Decidere—sharing roots with the English to decide—is an irregular second-conjugation Italian verb whose irregularity rests in an irregular passato remoto and an irregular participio passato: deciso. It falls in a group with the verb ridere (to laugh), whose past participle is riso and which shares the same quirks. Meaning to decide, to resolve to do something, or to establish something, decidere can be transitive, conjugated with the auxiliary verb  avere, followed by a  direct object. Akin to the verb scegliere, which means to choose or pick something, decidere can be used in a similar manner—for example, Ho deciso il nome del cane; I decided the dogs name. Most often, though, decidere is—much like in English—used to decide on something or about something: decidere se, decidere che (followed by a conjugated verb), and decidere di (followed by a verb in the infinitive). The object is still direct, often in the form of a subordinata oggettiva (a subordinate clause that serves as an object). The verb still answers the question What? and it still uses avere (and there is a direct subject-object relationship). Abbiamo deciso di prendere il treno delle 20.00. We decided to take the train at 8 p.m.Dobbiamo decidere se andiamo o no. We need to decide if we are going or not.Luca ha deciso che vuole vedere un film. Luca decided he wants to see a movie. The verb has an indirect object and is intransitive (though still with avere) if it is separated by a preposition. For example, Ho deciso sul vestito. I decided on the dress. Decidersi Also common is the intransitive reflexive/pronominal decidersi, which is a bit closer to the English to make up ones mind. It reflects more the concept of coming to the end of an internal process, and it is conjugated, therefore, with essere and reflexive pronouns. Remember the differences in choosing your auxiliary. Decidersi is most often followed by the preposition a: Mi voglio decidere a prendere un cane. I want to resolve to get a dog.Luigi e Carlo si sono decisi a fare un viaggio. Luigi and Carlo decided to take a trip.Nel 1945 i nonni si decisero finalmente a vendere la casa. In 1945 my grandparents resolved finally to sell their house. Note: Ho deciso di fare questo passo, but, Mi sono decisa a fare questo passo. I decided to take this step. Both decidere and decidersi can be used with no stated object: Il fato decide. Fate decides.Non so decidermi. I cant make up my mind.Mentre si decideva, luomo fumà ² una sigaretta. While making up his mind, the man smoked a cigarette. In speaking, decidersi is used as frequently as decidere and interchangeably, best suited to some tenses and constructions; hence, the conjugation table below includes both. Indicativo Presente: Present Indicative A regular presente. Io decido/mi decido Oggi decido il colore del bagno. Today I decide/will decide/am deciding the color of the bathroom. Tu decidi/ti decidi Ti decidi a sposarti? Will you make up your mind to marry? Lui, lei, Lei decide/si decide Oggi Carla decide di partire. Today Carla decides/is deciding to leave. Noi decidiamo/ci decidiamo Noi decidiamo cosa fare. We decide/are deciding what to do. Voi decidete/vi decidete Voi decidete se volete uscire. You decide if you want to go out. Loro, Loro decidono/si decidono Lo sento: questa settimana si decidono a comprare casa. I feel it: This week they are resolving to buy a house. Indicativo Passato Prossimo: Present Perfect Indicative A compound tense, the passato prossimo is made of the present of the auxiliary and the participio, deciso. Io ho deciso/mi sono deciso/a Oggi ho deciso il colore del bagno. Today I decided the color of the bathroom. Tu hai deciso/ti sei deciso/a Ti sei decisa a sposarti? Did you decide/have you decided to get married? Lui, lei, Lei ha deciso/si à ¨ deciso/a Carla ha deciso di partire. Carla decided/has decided to leave. Noi abbiamo deciso/ci siamo decisi/e Abbiamo deciso cosa fare. We have decided what to do. Voi avete deciso/vi siete decisi/e Voi avete deciso se volete uscire? Have you decided if you want to go out? Loro, Loro hanno deciso/si sono decisi/e Loro si sono decisi a comprare la casa. They made up their minds to buy the house. Indicativo Imperfetto: Imperfect Indicative A regular imperfetto in -ere. Io decidevo/mi decidevo Quando dipingevo, decidevo tutti i colori prima di cominciare. When I painted, I always decided all the colors before starting. Tu decidevi/ti decidevi Da ragazza non ti decidevi mai a sposarti. As a young woman, you would never make up your mind to marry. Lui, lei, Lei decideva/si decideva In estate Carla non si decideva mai a partire. In summer Carla would never resolve to leave. Noi decidevamo/ci decidevamo A casa nostra decidevamo sempre noi bambini cosa fare la domenica. In our house we children always decided what to do on Sundays. Voi decidevate/vi decidevate Mentre voi decidevate se volevate uscire, noi siamo uscite. While you were deciding if you wanted to go out, we went out. Loro, Loro decidevano/si decidevano Appena impiegati, non si decidevano mai a comprare casa. When they were just employed, they would never make up their minds to buy a house. Indicativo Passato Remoto: Remote Past Indicative An irregular passato remoto. Io decisi/mi decisi Quella volta decisi i colori con te. That time I decided the colors with you. Tu decidesti/ti decidesti Nel 1975 finalmente ti decidesti a sposarlo. In 1975 you finally made up your mind to marry him. Lui, lei, Lei decise/si decise Quella mattina Carla decise di partire presto. That morning Carla decided to leave early. Noi decidemmo/ci decidemmo Quando decidemmo cosa fare, prendemmo il cavallo e partimmo. When we decided what to do, we took the horse and we left. Voi decideste/vi decideste Finalmente quella sera vi decideste a uscire. Finally that evening you made up your minds to go out. Loro, Loro decisero/si decisero L'anno che si decisero a comprare casa, traslocarono. The year they resolved to buy the house, they moved. Indicativo Trapassato Prossimo: Past Perfect Indicative The trapassato prossimo is a compound tense with the imperfetto of the auxiliary and the participio, deciso. Note the variations. Io avevo deciso, mi ero deciso/a Avevo deciso i colori ma non gli piacevano. I had decided the colors, but he didn't like them. Tu avevi deciso/ti eri deciso/a Ti eri decisa a sposarti; perchà © hai cambiato idea? You had made up your mind to marry; why did you change your mind? Lui, lei, Lei aveva deciso/si era deciso/a Carla aveva deciso di partire, ma perse il treno. Carla had decided to leave, but she missed the train. Noi avevamo deciso/ci eravamo decisi/e Non avevamo ancora deciso cosa fare quando Luca ci telefonà ². We had not yet decided what to do when Luca called. Voi avevate deciso/vi eravate decisi/e Avevate deciso se volevate uscire? Had you decided if you wanted to go out? Loro, Loro avevano deciso/si erano decisi/e Siccome che si erano decisi a comprare casa, avevano messo via i soldi. Since they had resolved to buy a house, they had put the money away. Indicativo Trapassato Remoto: Preterite Perfect Indicative The trapassato remoto is a good storytelling tense from the remote past, used with the passato remoto of the auxiliary and in constructions with the passato remoto. Io ebbi deciso/fui deciso/a Quando ebbi deciso i colori, tua nonna e io li andammo a comprare. When I decided the colors, your Grandma and I went to buy them. Tu avesti deciso/fosti deciso/a Dopo che ti decidesti a sposarlo, comprasti il vestito. After you made up your mind to marry him, you went to buy the dress. Lui, lei, Lei ebbe deciso/fu deciso/a Appena ebbe deciso di partire, la vennero a prendere. As soon as she decided to leave, they came to get her. Noi avemmo deciso/ci fummo decisi/e Quando avemmo deciso cosa fare, prendemmo il cavallo e partimmo. When we had decided what to do, we took the horse and we left. Voi aveste deciso/vi foste decisi/e Appena vi decideste a uscire la polizia vi arrestà ². As soon as you resolved to come out, the police arrested you. Loro, Loro ebbero deciso/si furono decisi/e Dopo che si furono decisi a comprare casa andarono a parlare col banchiere. After they had resolved to buy the house, they went to talk with the banker. Indicativo Futuro Semplice: Simple Future Indicative A regular futuro. Io deciderà ²/mi deciderà ² Domani deciderà ² il colore del bagno. Tomorrow I will decide the color of the bathroom. Tu deciderai/ti deciderai Ti deciderai mai a sposarti? Will you ever make up your mind to marry? Lui, lei, Lei deciderà  /si deciderà   Carla deciderà   di partire quando sarà   pronta. Carla will decide to leave when she is ready. Noi decideremo/ci decideremo Prima o poi decideremo cosa fare. Sooner or later we will decide what to do. Voi deciderete/vi deciderete Vi deciderete se volete uscire quando vorrete. You will decide if you want to go out when you are ready. Loro, Loro decideranno/si decideranno Loro si decideranno a comprare la casa quando saranno pronti. They will make up their minds to buy a house when they are ready. Indicativo Futuro Anteriore: Future Perfect Indicative The futuro anteriore is made of the simple future of the auxiliary and the participio passato, deciso. Io avrà ² deciso/mi sarà ² deciso/a Quando avrà ² deciso i colori te lo dirà ². When I will have decided the colors I will let you know. Tu avrai deciso/ti sarai deciso/a Quando ti sarai decisa a sposarti, fammelo sapere. When you will have made up your mind to marry, let me know. Lui, lei, Lei avrà   deciso/si sarà   deciso/a Carla partirà   quando si sarà   decisa. Carla will leave when she will have decided to. Noi avremo deciso/ci saremo decisi/e Quando avremo deciso cosa fare, te lo diremo. When we will have decided what to do, we will let you know. Voi avrete deciso/vi sarete decisi/e Uscirete quando vi sarete decisi. You will go out when you will have decided to. Loro, Loro avranno deciso/si saranno decisi/e Quando si decideranno a comprare la casa, daremo loro i soldi. When they will have resolved to buy a house, we will give them the money. Congiuntivo Presente: Present Subjunctive A regular congiuntivo presente. Remember that the Italian subjunctive does not necessary translate to subjunctive constructions in English, as is very evident from this verb. Che io decida/mi decida Mio marito aspetta che io decida i colori. My husband is waiting for me to decide the colors. Che tu decida/ti decida Spero che tu ti decida a sposarti. I hope you decide to marry. Che lui, lei, Lei decida/si decida Non voglio che Carla decida di partire. I don't want Carla to decide to leave. Che noi decidiamo/ci decidiamo Aspetto, basta che decidiamo cosa fare. I'll wait, as long as we decide what to do. Che voi decidiate/vi decidiate Spero che vi decidiate presto se uscite. I hope you decide soon if you are going out. Che loro, Loro decidano/si decidano Non credo che si decidano a comprare la casa. I don't think they will decide to buy a house. Congiuntivo Imperfetto: Imperfect Subjunctive A regular imperfetto congiuntivo. A tense of contemporaneity in the world of wishing. Che io decidessi/mi decidessi Mio marito vorrebbe che decidessi i colori. My husband wishes that I decide the colors. Che tu decidessi/ti decidessi Desideravo che tu ti decidessi a sposarti. I wished that you had made up your mind to marry. Che lui, lei, Lei decidesse/si decidesse Avrei sperato che Carla si decidesse a partire. I would have hoped that Carla had decided to leave. Che noi decidessimo/ci decidessimo Volevo che decidessimo cosa fare. I wanted us to have decided what to do. Che voi decideste/vi decideste Speravo che vi decideste a uscire. I hoped that you would made up your mind to go out. Che loro, Loro decidessero/si decidessero Vorrei che si decidessero a comprare casa. I wish they would make up their minds to buy the house. Congiuntivo Passato: Present Perfect Subjunctive A compound tense, the congiuntivo passato is made of the present subjunctive of the auxiliary and the participio passato. Che io abbia deciso/mi sia deciso/a Mio marito spera che io abbia deciso i colori. My husband hopes that I have decided the colors. Che tu abbia deciso/ti sia deciso/a Spero che tu ti sia decisa a sposarti. I hope that you have resolved to marry. Che lui, lei, Lei abbia deciso/si sia deciso/a Spero che Carla non abbia deciso di partire. I hope that Carla has not decided to leave. Che noi abbiamo deciso/ci siamo decisi/e Credo che abbiamo deciso cosa fare. I believe we have decided what to do. Che voi abbiate deciso/vi siate decisi/e Spero che vi siate decisi a uscire. I hope you have decided to go out. Che loro, Loro abbiano deciso/si siano decisi/e Nonostante si siano decisi a comprare la casa, ancora non l'hanno comprata. Though they have made up their minds to buy a house, they still have not bought it. Congiuntivo Trapassato: Past Perfect Subjunctive The other compound subjunctive, the congiuntivo trapassato is made of the imperfetto of the auxiliary and the participio passato. Note the variety of tenses in the main clause. Che io avessi deciso/mi fossi deciso/a Mio marito non pensava che avessi deciso i colori. My husband didn't think I had decided the colors. Che tu avessi deciso/ti fossi deciso/a Non avevo creduto che tu ti fossi decisa a sposarti. I had not believed that you had made up your mind to marry. Che lui, lei, Lei avesse deciso/si fosse deciso/a Avrei voluto che Carla non avesse deciso di partire. I wished that Carla had not decided to leave. Che noi avessimo deciso/ci fossimo decisi/e Pensavo che avessimo deciso cosa fare. I thought that we had decided what to do. Che voi aveste deciso/vi foste decisi/e Volevo che vi foste decisi di uscire. I wanted you to have decided to go out. Che loro, Loro avessero deciso/si fossero decisi/e Avrei sperato che si fossero decisi di comprare la casa. I had hoped that they had resolved to buy the house. Condizionale Presente: Present Conditional A regular condizionale presente. Io deciderei/mi deciderei Io deciderei i colori se mi lasciasse in pace. I would decide the colors if he would leave me in peace. Tu decideresti/ti decideresti Tu ti decideresti a sposarti se ne avessi voglia. You would make up your mind to marry if you felt like it. Lui, lei, Lei deciderebbe/si deciderebbe Carla deciderebbe di partire se avesse i soldi. Carla would decide to leave if she had the money. Noi decideremmo/ci decideremmo Noi decideremmo cosa fare se fossimo pià ¹ decisi. We would decide what to do if we were more resolute. Voi decidereste/vi decidereste Voi decidereste di uscire se facesse meno freddo. You would decide to go out if it were less cold. Loro, Loro deciderebbero/di deciderebbero Loro si deciderebbero a comprare casa se ne trovassero una che gli piace. They would resolve to buy a house if they saw one they liked. Condizionale Passato: Perfect Conditional The condizionale passato is made of the present conditional of the auxiliary and the participio passato. Io avrei deciso/mi sarei deciso/a Avrei deciso i colori se mi fossero piaciuti. I would have decided the colors if I had liked any of them. Tu avresti deciso/ti saresti deciso/a Ti saresti decisa a sposarti se lo avessi amato. You would have resolved to marry him if you had loved him. Lui, lei, Lei avrebbe deciso/si sarebbe deciso/a Carla avrebbe deciso di partire se avesse voluto. Carla would have decided to leave if she had wanted to. Noi avremmo deciso/ci saremmo decisi/e Prima o poi avremmo deciso cosa fare. Sooner or later we would have decided what to do. Voi avreste deciso/vi sareste decisi/e Voi avreste deciso di uscire se avesse fatto meno freddo. You would have decided to go out had it been less cold. Loro, Loro avrebbero deciso/si sarebbero decisi/e Loro si sarebbero decisi a comprare casa se ne avessero vista una che gli piaceva. They would have decided to buy a house had they seen one they liked. Imperativo: Imperative The imperativo is a good tense for the verb decidere. Make up your mind! Tu decidi, deciditi Decidi cosa mangiare! Decide what you want to eat! Noi decidiamo, decidiamoci Decidiamoci, su. C'mon, let's make a decision. Voi decidete, decidetevi 1. Decidete se volete andare. 2. Decidetevi! 1. Decide if you want to go. 2. Make up your mind! Loro decidano, si decidano Che decidano! Che si decidano! May they decide! May they make up their minds! Infinito Presente Passato: Present Past Infinitive The infinito  is used often with servile or helping verbs: Devo decidere! I must decide! Decidere Trovo difficile decidere dove voglio vivere. I find it hard to decide where I want to live. Decidersi 1. Ci mise un giorno per decidersi. 2. Non riesco a decidermi. 3. Decidersi à ¨ difficile cosà ¬. 1. He took a day to make up his mind. 2. I can't make up my mind. 3. It is hard to make up one's mind like this. Aver deciso Dopo aver deciso di partire, Paolo à ¨ tornato. After having decided to leave, Paolo came back. Essersi deciso/a/i/e Dopo essersi deciso a partire, Paolo à ¨ tornato. After having made up his mind to leave, Paolo came back. Participio Presente Passato: Present Past Participle In addition to the regular function as auxiliary, the participio passato deciso  can serve as a noun or more often, in this case, as an adjective, meaning resolved or determined. Decidente (never used) Deciso/a/i/e 1. Non à ¨ deciso. 2. Non à ¨ stato deciso. 3. Siamo persone decise. 1. It is not decided. 2. It has not been decided. 3. We are determined people. Gerund Present Past: Present Past Gerund Decidendo Decidendo di fare un vestito, Giovanna va a comprare la stoffa. Deciding to make the dress, Giovanna goes to buy the fabric. Decidendosi Decidendosi finalmente a fare il vestito per la festa, Giovanna compra una stoffa rossa. Finally resolving to make the dress for the party, Giovanna buys a red fabric. Avendo deciso Avendo deciso di fare il vestito, Giovanna va a comprare la stoffa. Having decided to make the dress, Giovanna goes to buy the fabric. Essendosi deciso/a/i/e Essendosi decisa, Giovanna à ¨ andata a comprare la stoffa. Having made up her mind, Giovanna went to buy the fabric.

Changes and Innovations in Japanese Literature in the...

There is a vast difference between the courtly airs of the Heian Period and the overall feeling of the following Kamakura Period that makes the younger of the two periods more appealing. The changes in Japanese literature during the Kamakura Period can be readily observed in many works, including the innovation in poet devices found in the Shinkokinshu, as well as the subject matters of different stories. We have the introduction of another ancient Japanese classic in Heike Monogatari, where the reader is assaulted with battlefield stories and upfront political warfare not seen to that extent before. A significant feature, if not the most significant feature, of the Kamakura Period is the increased presence of Buddhist teachings and†¦show more content†¦Perhaps this is a type of literary yuugen? Out of all three of the new poetic devices, the least understandable to me is the taigendome, probably because I tended not to notice that ending a poem on a noun was not typical for the earlier periods. Maybe it too conveys a new sense of meaning to a poem, like the more obvious effects of the other two devices. Lastly, for the poetry of the Shinkokinshu at least, the essence of sabi seeps in through the words of many poems, stripping away the color and life from the somewhat clichà © nature imagery and leaving behind the â€Å"beauty of the withered.† Written works where the depressing weight of reality makes itself known seems like a given at the time, and seeing that the Shinkokinshu is one of the earliest works covered by the Kamakura timeline, it is only natural to see the trends for the rest of the contemporary literature being introduced in it. Speaking of a hopeless reality, there is a change from the type of imagery appearing in the prose of the Heian Period to that of the Kamakura Period. We have the descriptions of an almost explicit nature in regards to death in all sorts of situation. 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Scope and Limitations in a Business Research free essay sample

Scope and Limitations in a Business Research BY SHENANIGANS a. What Is meant by scope and limitations? Scope of research refers to the areas that were covered In the research such as research populations. Limitations of research are areas that were not included as part of the research. Limitations are usually determined by budget and time. The scope and limitation should Include the following: 1 . A brief statement of the general purpose of the study. 2. The subject matter and topics studied and discussed. 3.The locale of the study, where the data were gathered or the entity to which the data belong. 4. The population or universe from which the respondents were selected. This must be large enough to make generalizations significant. 5. The period of the study. This Is the time, either months or years, during which the data were gathered. B. How To Write Significance Of The Study You should write about the effect of your study, and how it will change the things. Talk about the benefits it will bring, how it will be helpful, to whom and why.When writing a significance of the study you want to present why you are doing the study, what you are studying, and what you hope to achieve by completing the study. . How to Write Definition of Terms? Guidelines In defining terms: 1 . Only terms, words, or phrases which have special or unique meanings In the study are defined. For instance, the term non-teaching facilities may be used in the study of the teaching of science. Non-teaching facilities may be defined as facilities needed by the students and teachers but are not used to explain the lesson or to make instructions clearer.Examples are toilets or comfort rooms, electric fans, rest rooms or lounges, and the like. They may also be called non- instructional facilities. 2. Terms should be defined operationally, that is how they are used in the study. For instance, a study is made about early marriage. What is meant by early marriage? To make the meaning clear, early marriage may be defined as one in which the contracting parties are both below eighteen years of age. 3. The researcher may develop his own deflation from the characteristics of the term wooden posts, nip, burl, or nip walls; split bamboo floor and Congo or nip roof.This is also an operational definition. 4. Definitions may be taken from encyclopedias, books, magazines and newspaper articles, dictionaries, and other publications but the researcher must acknowledge his sources. Definitions taken from published materials are called conceptual or theoretical definitions. 5. Definitions should ae brief, clear, and unequivocal as possible. 6. Acronyms should always be spelled out fully especially if it is not commonly known or if it is used for the first time. D.Review of related literature and related studies This chapter presents survey of related literature and writing of recognized experts, both of which have significant bearing or relation to the problem under investigation. Guidelines in Citing Related Literature and Studies A. Characteristics of the Materials Cited 1. The materials must be as recent as possible. This is important because of the rapid social, political, scientific, and technological changes. Discoveries in historical and archaeological research have also changed some historical facts.Researchers in education and psychology are also making great strides. So, finding fifteen years ago may have little value today unless the study is a comparative inquiry about the past and the present. Mathematical and statistical procedures, however, are a little more table. 2. Materials must be as objective and unbiased as possible. Some materials are extremely one sided, either politically or religiously biased. These should be avoided. 3. Materials must be relevant to the study. Only materials that have some military to or bearing on the problem researched on should be cited. . Materials must not too few but not too many. They must be sufficient enough to give the researcher insight into his problem or to indicate the nature of the present investigation. The number may also depend upon the availability of related materials. This is especially a problem with pioneering studies. Naturally, there are few related materials or even none at all. Ordinarily, from fifteen to twenty-five may do for a masters thesis and from twenty and above for a doctoral dissertation, depending upon their availability and depth and length of discussions.The numbers, however, are only suggestive but not imperative. These are only the usual numbers observed in theses and dissertations surveyed. For an undergraduate thesis about ten may do. The following are the ways of citing related literature and studies: 1. By author or writer. In this method the ideas, facts, or principles, although they have the same meaning, are explained or discussed separately and cited in the footnote with their respective authors or writers. Examples: According to Meringue, praise helps much in learning, etc. (Meringue, 1981) Macaque found out that praise is an important factor in learning, etc. , (Macaque, 1984) 2. By topic. In this case, if different authors or writers have the same opinion about the same topic, the topic is discussed and cited under the names of the authors or writers. This is a summary of their opinions. This is to avoid separate and long concussions of the same topic. Example: It has been found out that praise is an important aid in learning of children. (Meringue, 1981) 3. Chronological.Related materials may also be cited chronologically, that is, according to the year they were written. Materials which were written earlier should be cited first before those which were written later. This can be done especially when citation is by author or writer. If citation is by topic, chronological citation can be done in the footnote. C. What to Cite It should be emphasized that only the major findings, ideas, generalizations, reminisces, or conclusions in related materials relevant to the problem under investigation should be discussed in this chapter.Generally, such findings, ideas, generalizations, principles, or conclusions are summarized, paraphrased, or synthesized. D. Quoting a Material A material may be quoted if the idea conveyed is so perfectly stated or it is controversial and it is not too long. It is written single spaced with wider margins at the left and right sides of the paper but without any quotation marks. Example: Suppose the following is a quotation: Said Meringue, Praise is an important factor in hillsides learning. It encourages them to study their lessons harder.Praise, however, should be given appropriately. Justification of the Study inquiry may only be a replication of another study. It should be stressed also that in spite of similar studies, the present study is still necessary to find out if the findings of studies in other places are also true in the locale of the present study. There may also be a need to continue with the present investigation to affirm or negate the findings of other inquiries about the same research problem or topic so that generalization or principles may be formulated.These generalizations and principles would be the contributions of the present investigation together with other studies to the fund of knowledge. This is one of the more important purposes of research: the contribution that it can give to the fund of knowledge. Synthesis It should be emphasized in this area that the major findings, ideas, generalizations, principles or conclusions in related materials relevant to the problem under investigation. Generally, such findings, ideas, generalizations, principles or conclusions are summarized, paraphrased, or synthesized.